{"id":4375,"date":"2023-02-18T22:59:02","date_gmt":"2023-02-19T03:59:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/?p=4375"},"modified":"2023-05-30T07:21:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T12:21:12","slug":"lynching-bee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/lynching-bee\/","title":{"rendered":"The &#8220;Lynching Bee&#8221; &#8212; Coming to Terms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">In a historical context, the term bee brings to mind social gatherings or events where a group of people came together to accomplish a task or achieve a common goal. Often called work bees or community bees, they were associated with quilting, barn raising, and spelling\u2014activities where a crowd assembled to work for a purpose, share skills, and socialize with one another. These collective endeavors had a sense of community, teamwork, and common purpose, as the effort involved cooperative social undertakings.((&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www-oed-com.ezproxy.harford.edu\/view\/Entry\/94627704?rskey=krJkzG&amp;result=4&amp;isAdvanced=false#eid\">Bee, n<\/a>&#8221; <em>OED Online, Oxford University, <\/em>June 2022))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But while completing a study on lynchings for the Maryland <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/lynchings\/\">Lynching Memorial Project<\/a> in 2019, I discovered a disturbing association for the colloquial term. Newspapers often discussed lynching bees\u2014occurrences where mobs conducted extrajudicial spectacle hangings for amusement. This contrasted with horrific, racially motivated violence inflicted on victims more quietly, often in the still of the night.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-bright-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-bright-red-background-color has-background is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Researching Lynchings<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>My focus on researching racial terror lynchings started twenty-one years ago on the Lower Shore when the literature on these crimes was scant, and traces of this dark past were elusive. Of course, secondary literature and original research have advanced in recent years. However, in 2002, all I discovered during my literature review was <a href=\"https:\/\/folkworks.org\/polly-stewart-lynching-in-maryland\/\">Dr. Polly Stewart\u2019s groundbreaking research <\/a>at the <a href=\"https:\/\/libraryguides.salisbury.edu\/lowereslynchings\">Nabb Center<\/a>. After she started teaching at Salisbury University in 1973, the folklore professor learned that lynchings took place in the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, she started investigating these incidents, applying academic rigor to determine the facts, issues, and dynamics around the undocumented history((Ross Altman, &#8220;Polly Stewart &#8211; Lynching in Maryland,&#8221; FolkWorks&#8221;)). The scholar encountered steep resistance to sharing this history, however. In those early years, <a href=\"https:\/\/aahistorydelmarva.wordpress.com\/2018\/12\/31\/the-complex-task-of-writing-history\/\">Linda Duyer<\/a>, a geographer, also did pioneering work building upon Professor Stewart\u2019s investigations((Linda Duyer, &#8220;The Complex Task of Writing History,&#8221; Delmarva African American History, December 31, 2018)).<sup>,<\/sup>((Linda Duyer. \u201cMob Law on Delmarva: Cases of Lynchings, near-Lynchings, Legal Executions, and Race Riots of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia 1870-1950.\u201d <em>Amazon<\/em>, The Author, 2014 .))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?resize=640%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"lynching bee princess anne md\" class=\"wp-image-4376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?resize=1024%2C611&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?resize=300%2C179&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?resize=768%2C458&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?resize=1536%2C916&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?resize=1200%2C716&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?w=1619&amp;ssl=1 1619w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/princess-anne-116.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This postcard reads, &#8220;Looking for the negro, Princes Anne, Md.&#8221; Although undated and uncanceled, it is likely from a 1906 incident.  A lynching did not occur that day as the judge sent the man to Salisbury. (personal collection)((Linda Duyer, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/aahistorydelmarva.wordpress.com\/2013\/12\/29\/looking-for-the-negro-princess-anne-md\/\">Looking for the Negro, Princess Anne, Md,&#8221;<\/a> Delmarva African Amerian History))<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the work of these two forerunners, I began fieldwork in the communities. Of course, open access to digitized periodicals had not evolved, and the undertaking involved struggling to read old microfilmed newspapers at libraries in Crisfield and Prince Anne. My investigation also involved days of fieldwork&#8211;interviews and records searches in out-of-the-way places such as attics and basements of municipal buildings and courthouses. The phrase never caught my attention as I pieced together enough information to develop case studies for my courses on the history of criminal justice on Delmarva at the University of Delaware.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-bright-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-bright-red-background-color has-background is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lynching Bees<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>My understanding of associations with the term changed in 2019 while completing the Maryland Lynching Memorial investigation. As I dug into the Maryland Archive holdings&#8211;19th-century circuit court records, judgments, case files, correspondence, jury records, minutes, pardon dockets, police blotters, and a much broader array of digitized newspapers&#8211;this puzzling, troubling term shocked me. What is a lynching bee I mumbled as the first notice caused me to dig much deeper into late 19th and early 20th-century periodicals to determine if this was an outlier. Correspondents and editors often used this phrase, as it turned out.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a recap of the first 3 column inch narrative from the Midland Journal in Rising Sun, which brought the phrase to my attention. Following an attempt in Rowlandsville, a rural community near the Susquehanna River in Cecil County, the editor applied a larger font to the headline.  On Christmas day 1907, an account of a drunken \u201clynching bee\u201d at Rowlandsville appeared in city papers, the editor wrote. As villagers celebrated with a shooting match that turned into a booze fest, an African American named Webster was lying in a drunken stupor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIn the spirit of fun (?),\u201d he was suspended by the neck from the wagon bridge and left hanging until life was nearly extinct.\u201d The editor added that the account created considerable commotion and \u201cdifferent versions of its authenticity circulated around the area. Some stated nothing of the kind happened while others said it was greatly exaggerated, but something of the kind did actually take place.\u201d((&#8220;Rowlandsville Boozefest, Christmas Celebration at the Town on the Octoraro,&#8221; <em>Midland Journal, <\/em>Jan. 3, 1907))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator aligncenter has-text-color has-bright-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-bright-red-background-color has-background is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding the term<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>A search of over 20 million pages at Chronicling America at the Library of Congress located 4,148 pages where a correspondent mentioned the phrase. For example, on March 31, 1900, the Baltimore County Union reported that Bel Air had a lynching bee.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the idiom \u201clynching bee\u201d to describe the horrific act of racial lynching was shocking. How could these appalling acts that terrorized generations of Black people be compared to other types of social bees? However, I had worked with this literature and the primary sources for decades, so I shouldn\u2019t have been surprised as I knew about the shocking actions of jubilant spectators creating carnival-like atmospheres in many cases when any of these horrific acts occurred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Note:  Expanded from an article published in the newsletter of the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdlynchingmemorial.org\/\"> Maryland Lynching Memorial Project.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a historical context, the term bee brings to mind social gatherings or events where a group of people came together to accomplish a task or achieve a common goal. Often called work bees or community bees, they were associated with quilting, barn raising, and spelling\u2014activities where a crowd assembled to work for a purpose,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[205,206],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-african-american-history","category-criminal-justice"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The &quot;Lynching Bee&quot; - Coming to Terms - Mike&#039;s History Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The term lynching bee was often used by editors and reporters in the 19th century when these shocking incidents took place.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/lynching-bee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The &quot;Lynching Bee&quot; 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No fewer than 40 of these crimes were committed in Maryland,\u00a0including at least four in Harford County Join the\u00a0Harford County Committee\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lynching-in-Harford-County-flyer-FINAL-031619.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lynching-in-Harford-County-flyer-FINAL-031619.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lynching-in-Harford-County-flyer-FINAL-031619.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lynching-in-Harford-County-flyer-FINAL-031619.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lynching-in-Harford-County-flyer-FINAL-031619.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lynching-in-Harford-County-flyer-FINAL-031619.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2113,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/lynching-in-annapolis\/","url_meta":{"origin":4375,"position":1},"title":"EJI Lynching Marker acknowledges Lynching in Annapolis","author":"Mike","date":"September 8, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"ANNAPOLIS, Sept. 7, 2019 -- Saturday morning the first Equal Justice Initiative historical marker in Maryland was unveiled at Whitmore Park. The marker, part of the remembrance and reconciliation project, acknowledged five lynchings in the capital city. The names of the African-American men were: John Sims, George Briscoe, Wright Smith,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/69491806_2689611037718464_1382377864652914688_o.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/69491806_2689611037718464_1382377864652914688_o.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/69491806_2689611037718464_1382377864652914688_o.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/69491806_2689611037718464_1382377864652914688_o.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/69491806_2689611037718464_1382377864652914688_o.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/69491806_2689611037718464_1382377864652914688_o.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2383,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/harfordcountylynching\/","url_meta":{"origin":4375,"position":2},"title":"Harford County Lynching Memorial Committee Launches Blog","author":"Mike","date":"May 19, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"The Harford County Lynching Memorial Committee had prepared to hold a remembrance and soil collection event at the end of March , but the the pandemic disrupted outreach plans. And with community engagement put on hold for an undetermined period, the committee decided to launch a blog as a way\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/93805531_3177723638907199_7989518333185622016_o.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/93805531_3177723638907199_7989518333185622016_o.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/93805531_3177723638907199_7989518333185622016_o.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/93805531_3177723638907199_7989518333185622016_o.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/93805531_3177723638907199_7989518333185622016_o.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/93805531_3177723638907199_7989518333185622016_o.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2367,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/lynching-research\/","url_meta":{"origin":4375,"position":3},"title":"New Lynching Research in Maryland","author":"Mike","date":"April 30, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"From Truth First, the Maryland Lynching Memorial Project newsletter, April 2020 \"Renewed interest in the history of racial terror in the US is reflected in the quickening pace of scholarship on the subject, included here in Maryland. Recently, two independent researchers have made significant contributions to the body of knowledge\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Binder1_Page_1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Binder1_Page_1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Binder1_Page_1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Binder1_Page_1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2146,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/lynchings\/","url_meta":{"origin":4375,"position":4},"title":"Lynchings &#8211; Documenting a Violent Chapter in Cecil County&#8217;s Past","author":"Mike","date":"October 7, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"The Maryland Lynching Memorial Project is working to open a discussion about a violent chapter in Maryland\u2019s past, racial terror lynchings.\u00a0 These troubling incidents have not generally been studied or documented, so little is known about this grim history.\u00a0 Thus, the project is working to address this gap in our\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cecil-county-lynching-report-final-2.pdf_Page_01.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cecil-county-lynching-report-final-2.pdf_Page_01.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cecil-county-lynching-report-final-2.pdf_Page_01.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cecil-county-lynching-report-final-2.pdf_Page_01.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cecil-county-lynching-report-final-2.pdf_Page_01.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4799,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/mason-dixon-line-interview\/","url_meta":{"origin":4375,"position":5},"title":"Historian Discusses Mason-Dixon Line in Media Interview","author":"Mike","date":"June 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"While doing the Mason-Dixon Line interview, they stood next to this English Portland Stone Marker on the Chester County Line. 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