{"id":2175,"date":"2019-11-28T22:22:35","date_gmt":"2019-11-29T03:22:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/?p=2175"},"modified":"2023-03-21T20:17:22","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T01:17:22","slug":"votes-for-women","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/votes-for-women\/","title":{"rendered":"Votes for Women in Salem County"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Winning the right to vote alongside male counterparts didn\u2019t come easy for New Jersey women.   The 1776 New Jersey Constitution had enfranchised men and women who were worth fifty pounds.  But, this brief period of inclusivity came to an end in 1807 when the Assembly passed a law limiting suffrage to white male taxpayers ((Lewis, J. E., Rutgers Law Review, Rethinking Women’s Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776 – 1807, (2011) )).   Consequently, by the 1840s the ladies had started petitioning lawmakers, demanding the restoration of their former right ((E. R. Turner, “Suffrage in New Jersey, 1790 – 1807. Smith College Studies in History, Vol. 1. No. 4: (July 1916): 165-187))<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statewide and local activism grew in harmony with the national movement, after the Civil War.   As determined activists pressured lawmakers in Trenton, the Assembly granted limited privileges to women in 1897, allowing them to vote in some local school elections.  So as New Jerseyians continued crusading to gain the broader franchise, Elmer and Pittsgrove Township held historic votes, ladies going to the polls six years before the ratification of the 19th<\/sup> Amendment created a universal franchise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The question that faced Pittsgrove taxpayers was whether the school district should spend $14,500 to buy land and erect a four-room brick schoolhouse.\u00a0 At this election on April 28, 1914, at the Pole Tavern School, the proposition was defeated by a significant majority.\u00a0 All but 40 of the 230 voters opposed the outlay \u00a0((Penns Grove Record, “Public School Proposition Defeated,” May 1, 1914)).\u00a0 A month earlier, Elmer\u2019s ladies cast over half of the 257 ballots in favor of a $20,000 appropriation for enlarging and remodeling the Main Street school.\u00a0 \u201cThere was considerable local interest in the special election, especially because of the activity of the women,\u201d the Woodstown Monitor Register observed ((Woodstown Monitor Register, “Elmer Women Voe in School Election,” March 20, 1914)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"votes
As the votes for women campaign got underway in New Jersey, this map shows where the campaign has had success. (Indiana State Library)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

During this period, Equal Suffrage League\u2019s remained active across the county.\u00a0 In Woodstown, the group offered prizes for the best essay on \u201cWhy Women Should Vote\u201d — The first prize was $5.\u00a0 The judges were Mayor E. S. Fogg, Supervising Principal Shimer, Benj. Patterson, and Mrs. Joel Borton, the president of the League ((Penns Grove Record, “Woodstown Whisperings,” April 5, 1914)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By 1913, suffragists in nine states had won battles, while in other places, they were slowly converting indecisive politicians.\u00a0 Spurred on by these successes, New Jersey suffragists got a statewide referendum on the ballot, putting the decision in the hands of men at a special election on October 19, 1915. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the summer of 1915 slipped peacefully by, campaigning for and against the amendment grew intense, and the women’s suffrage army marched across the Garden State.\u00a0 That July, Salem County became the center of attention as the activist stepped sprightly into the area.\u00a0 In Woodstown, members of the Equal Suffrage Association in gaily decorated automobiles arrived, seeking to find converts.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few weeks later, in Woodstown, the Rev. William Tatlack spoke about the justness of women voting. And Mrs. Laura G. \u00a0Cannon of California addressed the need for a lady\u2019s influence to get good laws passed for better sanitation and conditions for working women.\u00a0 The principal speaker, Mrs. Jennie C. Laws Hardy of Michigan, told about the success of equal suffrage in Australia, her native country ((Penns Grove Record, “Vote for Women Wanted: Equal Suffrage a Success Elsewhere, July 2, 1915)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With a rallying cry of \u201cvotes for women,\u201d\u00a0 Mrs. Rachel Foster Avery, of the National Woman\u2019s Suffrage Association and Mrs. Cannon were on a two-day tour around the county ((Philadelphia Inquirer, “Suffragists Tour Salem County,” Oct. 5, 1915)).\u00a0 Masterfully piloting their automobile, the \u00a0\u201cAdelaide Victory,\u201d along country roads there were \u201cno delays or mishaps\u201d as they visited \u201cevery town and almost every country store.\u201d\u00a0 \u00a0Mrs. Aldona L. Dickeson of Woodstown, Chairman of the Salem County Equal Suffrage League, accompanied them.\u00a0 Everywhere men assured the party they would vote favorably.\u00a0 Daretown was out in full force to greet the tour, and \u00a0\u00a0Friesburg gave a hearty greeting, people coming out in various conveyances to attend the meeting. ((Woodstown Monitor Register, “Tour of Adelaide Victory,” Oct. 8, 1915))\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the Salem Courthouse, on a Tuesday in October Mrs. Robert Irving of Haddonfield made a convincing speech, capably handling questions fired at her.  That was followed on Friday by a speech by Mrs. Cannon, who had been here twice, winning the hearts of Salem people and converts to the cause, the Sunbeam remarked. ((Salem Sunbeam, “Votes for Women Draws Crowd: Dr. Anna Howard Shaw Addressed Large Audience,” September 10, 1915))<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Annna H. Shaw, National President of the Woman\u2019s Suffrage Party, arrived in Salem on the evening train from Pittsburg.\u00a0 She was driven through the principal streets by several automobiles accompanied by many local Salem County Suffrage League members.\u00a0 Afterward, she was taken to the home of Mrs. Robert Clarke Berry, who entertained Dr. Shaw during her stay in Salem. \u00a0\u00a0While here, she delivered an impressive address on granting the franchise to women in New Jersey.\u00a0 It was an appreciative audience that taxed the capacity of the historic courthouse on a Tuesday in September.\u00a0 When she referred to men in laugh-provoking words that pleased many ladies present she received hearty applause. ((Woodstown Monitor Register, News at the County Seat., Oct. 8, 1915))\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou object that politics are so dirty, \u2018keep the women out of it,\u201d she said.\u00a0 \u201cWhen our houses, clothes, or children are dirty, do you send the women away?\u00a0 It is the first time I have heard of women being kept out of anything because it is dirty.\u00a0 Women have cleansed the world since the beginning of time.\u00a0 Give them the ballot and they will clean up politics. \u00a0. . . .\u00a0 Wherever women have had the ballot they have brought in laws safeguarding workers in dangerous occupations, they have worked to shorten the hours of labor not only of women but the man as well,\u201d she continued ((Salem Sunbeam, “Votes for Women Draws Crowd: Dr. Anna Howard Shaw Addressed Large Audience,” September 10, 1915)) .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The churches of New Jersey observed Sunday, Oct. 17, 1915, as Woman Suffrage Day, the Elmer Times reported.\u00a0 \u201cSocieties standing for reform and the betterment of mankind have lined up for woman suffrage. All the viscous forces, such as the liquor traffic, white slavers, gamblers, and exploiters of youth and virtues are arrayed against the measure,\u201d The Elmer Times added.\u00a0 At the Elmer M. E. Church that Sunday evening, Rev. George T. Billman spoke on Woman Suffrage as a moral issue. The Equal Suffrage League of Elmer, Daretown, and Monroeville attended. ((Elmer Times, “Suffrage Day,” Oct. 15, 1915)).\u00a0 The Elmer editor also remarked that the \u201cTimes stood for full democracy and gave the cause of suffrage full support, keeping its columns open to the advocates of woman suffrage\u00a0 ((Elmer Times, “Timely Topics,” Oct. 22, 1915)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Speakers for the Votes for Women Campaign stopped at the Salem County Courthouse as the suffragists toured the County. (Photo by Dixon)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

As election day neared, questions centered on whether Oct. 19, was a holiday, so Governor Fielder sought an opinion from Assistant Attorney General Theodore Backes.  The Attorney General\u2019s Office ruled that a special election to consider constitutional amendments was not a general election so since it wasn\u2019t a holiday the saloons weren\u2019t required to close.   \u201cThe decision will be very displeasing to the suffragist because they are being bitterly opposed by the liquor men, and there will be a fear that wide-open saloons on this date may mitigate against a victory for the suffrage cause.” ((Salem Sunbeam, “Special Elections Not a Holiday,” Oct. 1, 1915))<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The week before the election, some county papers assessed the situation.\u00a0 The women in favor of equal suffrage have stirred up the county from end to end, and they gave very favorable reports of the outlook, the Woodstown Monitor Registered wrote.\u00a0 However, the antis, chiefly located in Salem City, were confident the amendment would fail locally and in the state.\u00a0 One of the enthusiastic antis declared that his side had canvassed Elsinboro, Quinton, Lower Creek, and Alloway and only found two women who wanted to vote, while the men said they didn\u2019t believe in women voting. ((Woodstown Monitor Register, “Tour of Adelaide Victory,” Oct. 8, 1915))\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Salem County Standard and Jerseyman reminded voters that this was a critical question so \u201cevery man should make it his business to vote yes or no on the subject.\u201d  The editor said the paper had not taken any side of the controversy believing it was the proper course to allow the voters to express themselves upon this subject without any outside influence other than that put forth by the friends or opponents of the propositions. ((Salem Standard and Jerseyman, “Get Out a Full Vote,” Oct. 13, 1915))<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To ensure there were no dirty tricks, the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association conducted schools for poll watchers and workers across the state.\u00a0 Several were held in the county, one on Sept. 21st<\/sup> at the Borough Hall in Woodstown.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The men of New Jersey decided not to grant women the right to vote by a big majority across the state on October 19, 1915.\u00a0 In Salem County, the women lost by 395 votes (1626 to 1231).\u00a0 Of the twenty precincts in the county, those favoring suffrage were: Alloway, Upper Penn\u2019s Neck, Oldmans, Upper Pittsgrove\u2019s 1st district, Upper Pittgrove\u2019s 2nd district, Old Pittsgrove, Pennsgrove north, and Pennsgrove south.\u00a0 Salem City’s majority against the amendment was 290 (Salem Standard & Jerseyman, Oct. 22, 1915).\u00a0 \u00a0\u201cNew Jersey was the first state in the Union to have female suffrage and will be the last one to re-adopt it, because the liquor and other interest fear the vote of women, remarked the Penns Grove Record ((Penns Grove Record, “Women Failed to Win: Penns Grove, Upper Penns Neck and Oldmans Voted for Women,” Oct. 22, 1915))<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After its defeat, state law didn\u2019t permit the amendment to be reintroduced into the Legislature for five years.\u00a0 Since it had to be submitted to two successive legislatures for approval, an amendment was at least seven years off.\u00a0 But women in the Garden State didn\u2019t t have to wait seven years.\u00a0 In 1919, Congress passed the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which declared no citizen could be denied the right to vote based on sex.\u00a0 The New Jersey Legislature ratified the amendment in February 1920, making the state the 29th<\/sup> to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 19th<\/sup> Amendment became part of the Constitution on Aug. 26, 1920.  Thus, the presidential election of 1920 marked the first time the women of Salem County \u201chad the experience of standing up alongside their men folks and voicing their sentiments as to who shall be the president of the United States,\u201d the Salem Sunbeam observed.  Registration showed that there was nearly a doubling of the number of voters. ((Salem Sunbeam, “Big Vote,” Sept. 24, 1920))  In Pennsville, Mrs. Charles Casperwod had the distinction of casting the first vote in the ballot box, and Mrs. William Kennedy the second vote. ((Salem Sunbeam, “Pennsville,” Nov. 6, 1920))      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes: From an article originally published in the Salem County Historical Society Newsletter, Summer 2018 — “The Suffrage Army Marches in Salem.”<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Also see<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Delaware Treated to a Spectacle as Suffragists March Across Delaware<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Suffrage Army Occupies Harford County<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Winning the right to vote alongside male counterparts didn\u2019t come easy for New Jersey women.   The 1776 New Jersey Constitution had enfranchised men and women who were worth fifty pounds.  But, this brief period of inclusivity came to an end in 1807 when the Assembly passed a law limiting suffrage to white male taxpayers ((Lewis,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nVotes for Women in Salem County - Mike's History Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The women's suffrage army marched on Salem County in 1915 as the New Jersey Campaign called for votes for women got underway in the Garden State.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/votes-for-women\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Votes for Women in Salem County - 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As it concerns women's suffrage New Jersey has a complicated history since the State's 1776\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"The suffrage army marches in Salem.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/suffrage-_0163-1024x871.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/suffrage-_0163-1024x871.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/suffrage-_0163-1024x871.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1980,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/womens-suffrage-in-maryland\/","url_meta":{"origin":2175,"position":1},"title":"Women’s Suffrage in Maryland","author":"Mike","date":"February 11, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"I am doing a talk for the Cecil County Public Library on Women's Suffrage soon and as some business took me through Kent County, I visited the Still Pond Historic District for a few minutes. This rural crossroads community has a significant history related to the campaign that gave women\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"Maryland Women's Suffrage History","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/52309212_2335762576436647_8683135068790587392_o.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/52309212_2335762576436647_8683135068790587392_o.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/52309212_2335762576436647_8683135068790587392_o.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/52309212_2335762576436647_8683135068790587392_o.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/52309212_2335762576436647_8683135068790587392_o.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/52309212_2335762576436647_8683135068790587392_o.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2086,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/delaware-suffragists\/","url_meta":{"origin":2175,"position":2},"title":"Women on the Front Line – Stories of Delaware Suffragists","author":"Mike","date":"August 22, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"I recently did a Delaware Humanities sponsored talk on Women\u2019s Suffrage at the New Castle Courthouse Museum.\u00a0 \u00a0In that ancient courtroom, a large, engaged crowd gathered on a Sunday afternoon to reflect on the long struggle for women\u2019s suffrage in America.\u00a0 For some eighty years, the ladies petitioned, campaigned, marched,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/delaware-womens-suffrage-boyle-a-The-Evening-Journal-jan-18-1919.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/delaware-womens-suffrage-boyle-a-The-Evening-Journal-jan-18-1919.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/delaware-womens-suffrage-boyle-a-The-Evening-Journal-jan-18-1919.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/delaware-womens-suffrage-boyle-a-The-Evening-Journal-jan-18-1919.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/delaware-womens-suffrage-boyle-a-The-Evening-Journal-jan-18-1919.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/delaware-womens-suffrage-boyle-a-The-Evening-Journal-jan-18-1919.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1743,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/cecilton-library-celebrates-95th-anniversary-of-voting-rights-for-women\/","url_meta":{"origin":2175,"position":3},"title":"Cecilton Library Celebrates 95th Anniversary of Voting Rights for Women","author":"Mike","date":"August 7, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"In recognition of the 95th anniversary of women\u2019s suffrage, the Cecilton Branch of the Cecil County Public Library is remembering this seminal event in American political history with a program that examines the courageous struggle to win voting rights. On the exact day the vote ratifying the 19th Amendment to\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"The occupying army marches into Cecil County at Iron Hill. source: Baltimore Sun, Feb. 21, 1913.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/2015-03-24_23-28-401.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/2015-03-24_23-28-401.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/2015-03-24_23-28-401.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/2015-03-24_23-28-401.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2200,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/delaware-women-on-juries\/","url_meta":{"origin":2175,"position":4},"title":"Delaware Women on Juries for the First Time","author":"Mike","date":"December 26, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"A 1787 Volume of the Laws of Delaware in the collection of the Indiana State Law Library Although women gained the right to vote in 1920, they had to push for equal rights when it came to jury duty. The new voting privilege did not automatically allow them to sit\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Delaware"","block_context":{"text":"Delaware","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/category\/delaware\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/20190628_163353a-652x1024-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/20190628_163353a-652x1024-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/20190628_163353a-652x1024-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1576,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/geography-delaware-maryland\/","url_meta":{"origin":2175,"position":5},"title":"1807 Gazetteer of Delaware and Maryland Helps Genealogists and Local History Researchers","author":"Mike","date":"August 26, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"In the decades before state directories and similar resources appeared, there were gazetteers or geographical dictionaries.\u00a0 These valuable titles, many over 200 years old, focused on geography as they examined an area in detail, presenting information about a community, its landscape, political economy, business enterprise, population, and natural resources. 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