{"id":1319,"date":"2013-12-22T22:28:28","date_gmt":"2013-12-22T22:28:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/?p=1319"},"modified":"2023-09-22T12:09:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-22T17:09:37","slug":"the-christiana-resistance-exploring-a-community-and-its-connection-with-the-1850-fugitive-slave-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/the-christiana-resistance-exploring-a-community-and-its-connection-with-the-1850-fugitive-slave-act\/","title":{"rendered":"The Christiana Resistance: Exploring a Community and its Connection with the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"christiana<\/a>
Christiana, PA — “Freedom Began Here”<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A mere 17-miles over the Mason Dixon Line there is\u00a0the quiet Pennsylvania borough of Christiana with about 1,100 residents.\u00a0 <\/span>In the 21st<\/sup> century it is an idyllic, tranquil community on the northeastern edge of fine Lancaster County farm country.\u00a0 <\/span>However this\u00a0modern \u00a0scene differs sharply with the disturbing violence that took place there a decade before the Civil War tore the country apart.<\/p>\n

The town is off Route 41 and I have passed it many times, but never bothered to get off the highway.\u00a0 <\/span>However on a fine\u00a0early autumn day it was time to\u00a0spend some\u00a0time in Christiana doing\u00a0fieldwork to enhance classroom lectures on the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act.<\/p>\n

The controversial Congressional Act strengthened the position of slave owners seeking to capture runaways, making it a duty of local authorities to arrest anyone suspected of being a runaway.\u00a0 Areas along the Mason Dixon Line saw increased activity and in 1851 a Maryland slave owner, Edward Gorsuch, arrived at a home seeking to capture four fugitive slaves.\u00a0 Accompanied by a posse and a federal marshal the group surrounded the farmhouse of William Parker, an African-American, but news of the confrontation spread and dozens of local people showed up.\u00a0 When a skirmish broke out Gorsuch was killed and two other Marylanders were wounded.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>
The stone for William Parker, “a leader in the flight for freedom . . . ” There is another monument located next to this stone.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In the aftermath of the Christiana Resistance, a detachment of marines were dispatched to this corner of Lancaster County, the town was put under martial law, and 141 people were arrested.\u00a0 <\/span>The Federal Government charged about 41 of them with treason under the provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act.\u00a0 <\/span>Southerners demand the hanging of those responsible, accusing them of making war on the United States.\u00a0 <\/span>The defense team led by Thaddeus Stevens defended the first case and after the jury deliberated for fifteen minutes a verdict of not guilty was returned.\u00a0 <\/span>By the end of 1851, all charges were dropped against 38 black men and 3 white men.<\/p>\n

The incident did much to polarize the national debate over slavery as the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was tested for the first time.\u00a0 <\/span>Today the Borough recalls this history in many ways and street banners for the municipality say \u201cChristiana \u2013 Freedom began here.\u201d\u00a0 <\/span>There are also many resources to help anyone interested in this disturbing incident and the local library has a strong collection of materials.\u00a0 <\/span>There is also the Christian Underground Railroad Center at Zercher\u2019s Hotel, a building that played an important role in 1851.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Moore\u2019s Memorial Library, Christiana, PA<\/a> has a local history collection related to the Christiana Resistance\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

William Parker wrote about the incident<\/a> in Atlantic Monthly in February 1866.<\/p>\n

The Christiana Riot and the Treason Trail of 1851: <\/a>\u00a0<\/span>An Historical Sketch; by William U. Hensel, 1911, digitized by Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections<\/p>\n

Christiana Underground Railroad Center at<\/a> Historic Zercher\u2019s Hotel.<\/p>\n

Christiana, PA.<\/a>– From Lancaster County Tourism<\/p>\n

\"Christiana<\/a>
Christiana is located on the old Pennsylvania main line between Philadelphia and Lancaster.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"The<\/a>
The Historical Marker for the Christiana Riot is located south of town.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A mere 17-miles over the Mason Dixon Line there is\u00a0the quiet Pennsylvania borough of Christiana with about 1,100 residents.\u00a0 In the 21st century it is an idyllic, tranquil community on the northeastern edge of fine Lancaster County farm country.\u00a0 However this\u00a0modern \u00a0scene differs sharply with the disturbing violence that took place there a decade before…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Christiana Resistance: Exploring a Community and its Connection with the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act - 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Although the U.S. Supreme Court dealt a blow to \"separate but equal\" in public schools in 1954, segregation persisted for years in medicine. However, by the mid-1960s, a combination of protests, federal legislation,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "African American History"","block_context":{"text":"African American History","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/category\/african-american-history\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/346653239_202216628834164_8463174498012950309_n.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/346653239_202216628834164_8463174498012950309_n.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/346653239_202216628834164_8463174498012950309_n.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":623,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/opening-a-window-on-history-a-letter-provides-a-personal-glimpse-on-the-war-of-1812\/","url_meta":{"origin":1319,"position":1},"title":"Opening a Window on History: A Letter Provides a Personal Glimpse on the War of 1812","author":"Mike","date":"April 11, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"While historians learn about the past in many ways, one of the most exciting can be reading letters that were penned long ago.\u00a0 You never know what these private communications from another age are going to reveal or where they\u2019re going to come from.\u00a0 Sometimes these pieces of paper have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Research Resources"","block_context":{"text":"Research Resources","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/category\/research-resources\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/cecilcounty.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/04\/elkton-113.jpg?w=350&h=200&crop=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2318,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wilmington-nurses-paid-a-heavy-price-fighting-the-pandemic-of-1918\/","url_meta":{"origin":1319,"position":2},"title":"Wilmington Nurses Paid a Heavy Price Fighting the Pandemic of 1918","author":"Mike","date":"April 24, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"When the Spanish Influenza hit Delaware in 1918, the surge devastated Wilmington and overwhelmed city hospitals. With sickness everywhere that October, doctors and ambulances could not keep up.\u00a0 Gongs rang continuously on the streets day and night as the emergency vehicles rushed the most critical cases to Homeopathic, Delaware, and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Delaware"","block_context":{"text":"Delaware","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/category\/delaware\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/spanish-flu-wilmington-oct-3-1918-evening-journal.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/spanish-flu-wilmington-oct-3-1918-evening-journal.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/spanish-flu-wilmington-oct-3-1918-evening-journal.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/spanish-flu-wilmington-oct-3-1918-evening-journal.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/spanish-flu-wilmington-oct-3-1918-evening-journal.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1722,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/historical-research-into-a-disaster-greenwood-delaware\/","url_meta":{"origin":1319,"position":3},"title":"Historical Research into a Railroad Disaster: Greenwood, Delaware","author":"Mike","date":"June 28, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Recently I have been researching a deadly Delaware tragedy that spurred a vice president of the Pennsylvania Railroad to push for national safety transportation regulations.\u00a0 Following several accidents involving powerful explosives, including a catastrophic one in Greenwood, DE, the Bureau of Explosives was created under the American Railway Association. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Community Studies"","block_context":{"text":"Community Studies","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/category\/community-studies\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"A house destroyed in the greenwood diasaster, a train wreck.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/greenwood-108a-greenwood-explosion-library-greewood-town-history-300x210.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4185,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/santa-fe-railroad-hillside-arizona\/","url_meta":{"origin":1319,"position":4},"title":"Hillside Arizona Santa Fe Railroad Station","author":"Mike","date":"December 10, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"THINGS FOUND IN AN OLD PHOTO ALBUM -- This July 2, 1929, photo of the Santa Fe Hillside Arizona train station came from an album full of pictures I purchased thirty to forty years ago. An unidentified adventurer compiled the images as he motored across the country. His series of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Community Studies"","block_context":{"text":"Community Studies","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/category\/community-studies\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/airzona-363a.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/airzona-363a.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/airzona-363a.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/airzona-363a.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":262,"url":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/meeting-with-the-president-of-american-heritage-to-discuss-new-digital-age-products\/","url_meta":{"origin":1319,"position":5},"title":"Meeting With the President of American Heritage to Discuss New Digital Age Products","author":"Mike","date":"August 23, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Last week I meet with the president and editor-in-chief of American Heritage Magazine, Edwin S. Grosvenor.\u00a0 This venerable old publication was created by the American Association for State and Local History in 1949 and its long time editor was the award winning historian, Bruce Catton. When it was launched it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Community Service"","block_context":{"text":"Community Service","link":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/category\/community-service\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1319\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dixonhistory.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}